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European Explorers, 2007.
This paper discusses European exploration in the mid-to-late 15th century.
1,043 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the Portuguese, Spanish, British, French and Dutch peoples set out to discover a new world in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The paper discusses the various motives for exploration during this Age of Exploration. The paper looks at Cristobal Colon (Columbus), Ponce de Leon and Vasco da Gama. The paper relates that these explorers were financed by kings and queens who were eager to fund their adventures for potential economic, political and cultural treasures.
From the Paper
"There were several motives for exploration during the mid-to-late 15th century, which was rightly called the Age of Exploration. The first motivation was the willingness or the courage to learn and understand other cultures. Coming out of the Renaissance, wealthy Europeans longed to find out about new lands and new people, believing that wisdom might be found along with treasures of the monetary kind, and curious about what was out there in the rest of the world, once they began to realize it was round. Prior to this enlightened age, everyone thought the earth was flat and that if you came to the edge in a ship, you simply fell off and disappeared. It was no wonder that sailors had not wanted to go sailing off into the sunset."
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European Exploration of the Aztec Natives of Latin America, 2002.
This paper addresses the effects of the European exploration on the Aztec Natives of Latin America, looking specifically at the history of the land and the reasons for European exploration.
5,002 words (approx. 20.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
The following paper looks at a brief historical view of the Aztecs, their origin and culture. The paper then discusses the Age of Exploration, the countries involved and what areas were explored. Effects of European exploration on the Aztec race, religion, land and labor are also discussed with their eventual and gradual disappearance. The writer restates all the fundamental points and the lessons learned during his research to conclude the paper.
From the Paper
"History is exclusively neither an art nor a science, but a subtle blend of the two. The historical imagination reaches beyond the limits imposed by scientific method, but it does not enjoy unfettered poetic license. What is not required of art is required of history - to discover what the old universe was like rather than to invent a new one. We study the past in order to influence, no matter how modestly, the world around us and the world within us. Historical inquiry is always a response to the human need for information, an understanding of the broad patterns of social development." (History, 2001)
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European Exploration of Asia and the Atlantic, 2007.
A comparison of the European motives for exploring Asia before 1350 and the Atlantic after 1350.
1,941 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the European motives for exploring Asia and the Atlantic. It specifically compares and contrasts those motives in Asia before 1350 and the Atlantic after 1350. The paper concludes that while the long-term and prime motives differed, to a larger extent the reasons Europeans were exploring Asia and the Atlantic were similar.
From the Paper
"Therefore, although the major European explorations of Asia and the Atlantic occurred over a two century divide, their motives seem largely similar. When Europeans dictated the terms of exploration, the motives for expansion were essentially the same, involving the hope of commercial expansion, the spread of Christianity and the more general hope of increased geographical and comparative knowledge with other regions of the world. It was only the imminent threat of Mongol invasion which spurred ecclesiastical and diplomatic relations into Asia, once this threat had receded, a commercial and mercantilist approach was taken. This was similar in the Atlantic where military domination of weaker peoples was not the initial motive for exploration; rather, it was access to valuable resources and the prospect of religious conversion. This shows the sustenance of a similar European mentality across the Middle Ages, a mentality in which the European power position was understood, dominating economic and religious exploration to both the East and West, rather than using military power and brute force."
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Columbus and European Exploration in the 15th Century, 2004.
An examination of the reasons behind the outward expansion of Europeans in the period that subsequently became termed the 'Age of Discovery'.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the fifteenth century represents a zenith in global exploration and discovery and perhaps harbours the most dramatic explosion of geographical possibility of any age. It looks at how Christopher Columbus? discovery of the New World, Vasco da Gama?s rounding of the Cape of Good Hope and Sebastien del Cano?s circumnavigation of the globe were all significant steps in the localisation of the fifteenth century world.
From the Paper
"The origins of European expansion are seen by many to lie in the capture by the Portuguese of the Moroccan city of Ceuta in 1415 . This foothold on African soil created the potential for European expansion, begun with the Portuguese advancement down the west coast of Africa and ultimately realised in 1498 with Vasco da Gama?s rounding of the Cape of Good Hope. The capture of Ceuta is certainly significant in the context of this argument as it helped, in no small part, stimulate the mind of the fifteenth century western European individual towards new ideas of travel, exploration and discovery. However, the increase in physical possibility in the fifteenth century stems not solely from one event, but from a number of ideas and innovations formulated in part over a much longer period."
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European Communities and the European Court of Justice, 1990.
This paper examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities: European cooperation in economics, national interests, law and integration of actions and policies.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities. The Court of Justice is a body of the European Communities. There are several sub-communities of the European Communities, of which the most widely known is the European Economic Community.
Integration in Europe
Within the context of international regional integration, there are five levels--(a) free-trade area, (b) customs union, (c) common market, (d) economic union, and (e) political union (Grosse & Kujawa, 1988). Each successive level involves a greater degree of integration. At the lowest level of integration, the free-trade area, tariffs are eliminated on the ... "
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"Renaissance Explorers", 2005.
Presents a book review of J.R. Hale's "Renaissance Explorers".
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper is a book review of J.R. Hale's "Renaissance Explorers". Hale's text examines the history of European exploration and exploitation of the lands beyond Europe, primarily during the late 15th century and early 16th century. The paper shows that his examination traces developments in Africa, in North and South America, in Australia, and in other lands. Hale also provides information regarding the methods of these explorers and resources for further study.
From the Paper
"J.R. Hale's Renaissance Exploration is a slim yet comprehensive examination of the exploration of the world by European explorers during the Renaissance. Hale's primary argument in this text is that the period of exploration during the late 1400s and early 1500s marked a new era in the history of Europe and even in the history of the world (Hale 7). This is an astute and utterly accurate assessment of the situation in Europe during this period. In truth, a number of historical forces came together at that time for Europe, providing it with the technology, the psychology, as well as the political and economic resources to fully explore and exploit the world (Hale 28). Not only was Europe in the business of exploring the world during this era, the explorations that occurred helped Europeans sketch out their sense of the world and its lands (Hale 7)."
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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The Age of Discovery, 2001.
A paper focusing on European exploration following the Middle Ages.
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses land and sea explorations undertaken by various European nations. The author cites specific explorers and their achievements. Also discussed are the effects of all "exploration" on indigenous cultures.
From the Paper
"The Age of Discovery was instrumental in the expansion of European civilization. The Age of Discovery produced European empires, stimulated economies and brought significant changes to most of Europe. European expansion and discovery affected not only Europe, but changed the societies and cultures of the civilizations that the Europeans impacted (annihilated). Euro-centrically speaking, the most important impact of the Age of Discovery was the role it played in changing Europe from an agrarian economy to a commercial and industrial capitalistic system."
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Disease in the Pacific Islands, 2005.
An analysis of the effects of diseases introduced to the Pacific Islands by European explorers, missionaries and beachcombers.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses the various effects of the introduction of new diseases to the Pacific. It contains accounts of various epidemics and their effects and consequences for both island populations and foreigners. History, politics, and science combine to provide an interesting and informative evaluation of early European involvement in the Pacific.
From the Paper
"While the impact of yaws in Tahiti cannot be attributed to Europeans, the spread of this disease to certain other communities, as well as the introduction of syphilis and gonorrhoea to most island groups, is indisputably the fault of these voyagers. While venereal disease had little impact on mortality, it was responsible for lowered natality. The importance of syphilis was not generally high due to the presence of yaws. Gonorrhoea, on the other hand, often renders sterile those unfortunate women who contract it and thus played a significant role in the depopulation of certain communities, including those of Tahiti, Hawaii, and New Zealand Maori. "So long as venereal diseases were widespread [...] populations could not recover." "
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The Exploration of the Indian Subcontinent, 2004.
This paper reviews writings by travelers in the 15th century, the Age of Exploration, to the Indian subcontinent.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the first European explorer to reach India was Vasco da Gama of Portugal, who arrived in what is today Calcutta in 1498, giving the Portuguese control over Goa and other areas on the western coast of India. The author points out the writing of Ralph Fitch, who, in 1588, traveled to the Malay Peninsula and visited Malacca, now in Malaysia, where he learned much about trade with China and the Spice Islands, now the Moluccas. The paper presents the writings of traveler Edward Terry, who promoted the Christian morality to the English merchants in the East Indies, and of Ivo Kamps and Jyotsna Singh, who included a wide range of observations of the types of foods grown, the appearances of the various landscapes and cultural.
From the Paper
"By the 1350s, the whole imperial colossus of India was beginning to unravel. In 1398, it received a death blow from an invasion by Tamerlane, the great conqueror of central Asia. Tamerlane's incursion was brief, but it shattered India's central authority, laying waste to Punjab and leaving the Delhi Sultanate clinging to a small area around its pillaged capital. In time, the sultanate recovered some of its earlier power, but it never again approached all-Indian dominion. However, its rule had a lasting impact by bringing about an intermingling of Muslim and Hindu peoples and ideas, mostly because of the policy of religious tolerance that circumstances required. It also brought about the use of Persian as the official language in place of the ancient Sanskrit."
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Australian Land: Aborigines vs. Europeans, 2006.
This paper explores the differences in conceptions of land ownership between the Australian Aborigines and the European colonists.
1,998 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Aborigines of Australia who are said to have arrived on the continent over 50,000 years ago, blending into the already existent population and thus creating perhaps the most physically diverse population in the world. This paper details the differences in conceptions of land ownership between the Australian Aborigines and European colonists. The writer of this paper describes how the Aborigines had developed their own society, culture and rules for land ownership which were inexcusably overlooked by the European invaders. When Europe began to encroach upon the territories of the Aborigines, the latter group simply adapted resourcefully and made new claims. This paper explores the various countries and nations that laid claim to Australia, including the Dutch, British and Spain While the Aborigines claimed Australia through ancestral travels, the Dutch and British justified their possession by initial landing rights and the Spanish laid their claim based on religious doctrine. The British extended their claim to the entire continent by 1826 with the stroke of a legislative pen. This writer of this paper describes how the conflict was furthermore exacerbated by the fact that Aborigines and Europeans had differing conceptions of private property.
From the Paper
"Although the Aborigines lived according to such ancient beliefs for thousands of years, their fate would soon be doomed according to a very different system of territorial claims formulated 10000 miles away, in Europe. While the Aborigines justifiably had divided Australian lands into their own territories, the newly 'discovered' continent would soon come into a three-way struggle for possession as Britain, Holland, and Spain each claimed Australia separately, none of these claims based on right of ancestors, but on religious, economic, and political rationales. The Spanish and Portuguese, in search of southern trade routes and the legendary Terra Australis, had touched on the continent of Australia."
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The Europeanization Process.
This paper is a research project which discusses the Europeanization of Europe through the European Union (EU).
15,550 words (approx. 62.2 pages), 41 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the concept of Europeanization by examining the geo-social framework in which this process is taking place, along several key dimensions, including labor, immigration and refugees; financial and securities and legal considerations. The author uses a methodology that includes an interpretive approach to the scholarly literature followed by an analysis of relevant statistical data, which are indicative of the key dimensions being investigated to identify past, current and future trends in the Europeanization process. The paper relates that the research clearly showed that, in sharp contrast to the United States being the "melting pot" of the world, the nations of Europe have historically been fiercely proud of their unique and distinct cultural and political heritages, making the transition to an integrated political and economic entity all the more problematic. Many charts and tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Areas of European Harmonization
Labor, Immigration and Refugees
Finance and Securities
Advantage:
Disadvantages
Legal
Methodology
Data Analysis
Labor and Immigration
Finance and Securities
Legal
Synthesis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Although these are the same types of forces that have historically fueled societal growth around the world, the EU appears to be experiencing them in more profound and pervasive ways than have ever been experienced before. As a result, the integration of the European community has continued its rocky but relentless course throughout the last decade of the 20th century, including the creation of a European Union and a single currency in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, as well as the subsequent deepening of integration in the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty which extended the use of qualified majority voting and the delegation of powers to supranational institutions. However, a recurring preoccupation over such projects of European unification, both popularly and in academia, has been the issue of the grounds for furthering the concept of common sense of belonging in throughout the Europe Union today."
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Exploration and the New World, 2008.
A look how exploration to the New World changed the evolution of world history and how European colonization differed from that of other world powers of that era.
1,486 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses why the European colonization of the New World took on such particular importance, in terms of how world history evolved, and how the Europeans were able to gain such a tenacious foothold in the Americas despite the fact that North and Central America was already heavily populated by powerful civilizations. The paper also compares the European colonization of the New World to world powers of the same period who were equally capable of carrying on similar colonizing expeditions.
From the Paper
"First of all, unlike the Asian, Arab, and earlier Scandinavian powers, which were all equally capable of carrying on similar colonizing expeditions, the European colonizers were driven by universalizing, expansive religious ideologies that refused to acknowledge pluralism and toleration. For example, the Puritans cast family and nation behind to create a new society, entirely governed by their religious laws. The conquistadors went fiercely and determinedly in search of economic opportunities not provided by their own society and nation. This gave these individuals a zealous and determined sense of conquest. In contrast, most of the indigenous societies these colonizers confronted were self-sustained and self-contained, and had no reason or knowledge of other societies outside of their immediate framework. They were not equipped, militarily or philosophically, to cope with such an onslaught."
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The European Economic Community.
This paper discusses the history of the European Economic Community (EEC), organized in 1958, which predated the European Union (EU), organized in 1992, especially the positions of Germany and the U.K. (Britain).
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the European Economic Community (EEC) was established to lower custom barriers between European countries and to create greater political cohesion and ultimately an economic entity, which would increase Europe's power in the world market. The author points out that the major reasons Germany, which was more familiar with federalism, wanted the states of Europe to join together as a European federal state were: (1) The quicker the integration process, the shorter time period needed for Germany to overcome the loss of the war and the status of being the 'loser' of the war and (2) if a European union would control all members, then there would be less or even complete avoidance of discrimination towards Germany by other nations. The paper stresses that the major reasons Britain, on the other hand, did not want to be a part of a united Europe were: (1) They viewed unification as a European super-state being run by the Britain's oldest rivals French and German and (2) Britain, having had a stable democracy for many centuries and never having been subject to totalitarian rule, saw themselves as different and unlike any fellow European member.
From the Paper
"At the end of the Second World War, Europe was devastated and economically exhausted, and its most urgent need was to restore its economy. In this situation two great powers, the United States and the Soviet Union, uneasily confronted each other across Europe. Europe would be organized in such a way that war between Western European countries could not recur. There was an urgent need to construct war shattered economies that led the countries of Western Europe to begin working together. Finally, after long and complicated negotiations, the "Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in Rome on March 25, 1957 and came into affect in January, 1958." (Palmer and Lambert, 1968, 33). What this Treaty established was a European free trade eliminating all tariffs on trades between members of the EEC, which included Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, France, Luxembourg, and the Federal Republic of Germany."
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European Union, 2006.
A review of the European Union's communities and policies.
2,001 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a brief look at the various European Union's economic policies, such as the European Economic Community and the European Monetary Union. According to the paper, the EU has maintained the momentum of its internal economic integration agenda.
Outline:
Activities of the EEC
Structure Of European Union
European Council
European Commission
Functioning of the EEC
European Monetary Union
Common Market Policy
EURO - The New World Currency
The Current Scenario in the European Union
From the Paper
"Regional Development Policy: The objectives of the Regional Development Policy of the EEC is to promote balanced development of the member countries by reducing regional disparities and by developing rapidly the backward regions. To achieve this objective, the EEC provides financial assistance for the development of the backward regions of the member countries. The Financial assistance is provided through."
"European Investment Bank: EEC established this bank in 1958. It provides loans and guarantees the loans raised by the member countries for the development of the backward regions. It grants loans for modernization, conversion and development projects that are beyond the financial abilities of the member governments. It also provides loans for the projects in which member governments have common interest."
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