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Democracy and Terrorism, 2007.
This paper discusses how terrorism affects democracy.
821 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that what we understand by the term democracy today is largely influenced by such concepts as freedom of speech and assurance of complete security. The writer points out that as citizens of a democratic state, we take it for granted that our rights will be provided, that search and seizure will never be something to worry about and that we will be protected against harassment. However, the writer maintains that when certain threats to national security suddenly change the entirely scenario, one is forced to review the definition of democracy. The writer discusses that when government urges citizens to cooperate with the security measures being taken and thus compromises on rights to privacy, one has to consider the effects of terrorism on democratic principles and structures.
From the Paper
"Terrorism targets the political structure and ideologies of a country. The primary ends are usually political in nature and thus when acts of terrorism are carried out the impact is naturally felt at the state and government level. This tends to hurt the democratic system almost by default. When terrorism activities escalate, countries are forced to take extra security measures. For this purpose, they often compromise on civil liberties- unwarranted arrests are made, people and places are search without taking into consideration the constitutional rights of the citizens and often people are detained illegally. In some cases, telephonic conversation is recorded, emails are scrutinized and other communication is also monitored- all in the name of security. When civil rights are hurt, democracy loses its meaning and democratic principles are shattered and this happens due to fear generated by terrorism."
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Terrorism and Democracy, 2002.
A discussion of how terrorism undermines democracy.
1,292 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how terrorism is by its very nature is anti-democratic as it seeks to achieve political ends by violence. It looks at how in the wake of the 9/11 attacks on the WTC twin towers, the ?clear and present? danger to democracy, freedom and liberties has become even more pronounced. It evaluates the consensus among all those who cherish democracy that urgent steps are necessary to counter the threat of terrorism and discusses how to accomplish this. It examines how terrorism undermines democracy and whether setting up an international committee can help to fight it.
Outline
Definition of Democracy
Definition of Terrorism
How Terrorism Undermines Democracy
Role of an International Committee on Terrorism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the major differences between liberal democracies and totalitarian regimes is the right and access to free flow of information. After 9/11, this ?free flow of information? has been severely restricted in the USA. For example, a few days after 9/11, the White House press secretary Ari Fleischer made the threatening statement that ?Americans should watch what they do.? The White House deleted the statement from the official transcript of the press conference in which that remark was made. (Prados) President Bush issued a directive on October 5, 2001 restricting congressional access to information to a handful of the most senior lawmakers after a senator had told the press that the intelligence community expects further terror incidents."
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The Relationship Between Terrorism and Democracy, 2002.
A paper which explores the relationship between democracy and the rise in recent global terrorism.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that many believe that the root cause of the new wave of global terrorism is an increasing divide between rich and poor, thus inciting rising resentment against the local elites and foreign exploitation. The paper discusses methods which the U.S. might use to combat this terrorism, despite the difficulty in attacking anonymous groups. It shows, too, how democratic civil liberties might be sacrificed in the face of stringent security restrictions in the U.S. and the world today.
From the Paper
"Furthermore it is impossible to identify states that sponsor new terrorism (Bellamy, 1996). The more conventional terrorists, such as the IRA, are more vulnerable to penetration by intelligence agencies than the smaller separate cells of the new-style organizations. Penetrating extremist cults is more difficult (Bellamy, 1996). Therefore, the new terrorists could be called anarchists in its true sense. In the 19th century, most of the terrorist groups, including the anarchists and nihilists had political aims even if they were poorly defined. The groups of the 90?s do not. They can only be understood in terms of where they come from, such as the Hizbollah from the refugee camps in Gaza and the Hamas from southern Lebanon (Bellamy, 1996). They recruit from the marginalized and the dispossessed such as Algeria. This is perhaps the archetype, a very divided society with a repressive government (Bellamy, 1996)."
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Terrorism and Counter Terrorism, 2004.
A study of the development of international terrorism and counter terrorism, both in general and specifically, since the events of September 11th, 2001.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the way counter terrorism and terrorism have changed since 9/11 and the growing role of the U.S. It also looks at the development of 'modern' terrorism and the possible consequences of the continuing War on Terror. It debates whetherr or not September 11th, 2001 can be seen as a day that changed the face of terrorism. It also discusses how since the invasion of Afghanistan, terrorist attacks have become more numerous and high profile although their basic purpose remains the same, to gain attention. It puts forward the view that what has changed about terrorism since 9/11 is the amount of media attention it now controls.
From the Paper
"As well as presenting a recent point of reference for terrorist activity, the conflicts in Palestine and Northern Ireland also show two different ways of dealing with the problem, certain aspects of which have been adopted by the United States. In the case of Britain and Northern Ireland, the conflict is one of territory and security for those who want British rule. In Palestine and Israel however, the situation is based purely on territory. This difference in the foundation for the terrorist action seems to have dictated the way in which terrorism has been dealt with. Because of the presence of British citizens in Northern Ireland, and the small section of society that is involved in the unrest , it has been British policy in recent years to try and settle the situation through political sanctions and increased security measures to prevent terrorism."
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A Comparison of Modern Democracy and Classical Athenian Democracy, 2002.
Compares modern constitutional democracies and the democracy of classical Athens.
914 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
Discusses the major differences between Athenian democracy and modern democracy. Differences include voting and citizenship rights, gender and background bias in the Athenian social and economic system, the type of representation that each society offered and the 'participation factor' in Athens.
From the Paper
"There are several significant differences between modern constitutional democracies and the democracy of classical Athens. Even though the classical Athenian democracy was a major step forward in political thought, at its height there were still many areas in which it was decidedly unlike any democracy existing today. These differences fall into three major categories: differences in who could vote, in the type of representation, and in the overall participation factor.
One major and clearly recognizable difference is that in the Athenian democracy there was only a certain selected element of the population that was allowed to vote. This difference in voting behavior stems from the fact that the Athenian social and economic system was supportive of the suppression of groups of people according to gender and background in ways that are not acceptable in today?s western cultures.
For example, women were not given full rights of citizenship. They were also socially and economically kept in a subservient role to men. Women?s function was seen as primarily that of propagation and managing a household. Women were not allowed access to the marketplace of ideas that was so important to the Athenians.
These conditions set up an interactive cycle between the social and political institutions; since women were regarded as inferior and not deserving of full citizenship, they were not allowed to vote. However, without the ability to vote, it was very unlikely that any of these restrictions would be modified or lifted. The role of women in Greek society was too firmly entrenched to be easily changed."
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A Comparison of Modern Democracy and Classical Athenian Democracy, 2002.
This paper looks at several significant differences between modern constitutional democracies and the democracy of classical Athens.
864 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The writer shows that even though the classical Athenian democracy was a major step forward in political thought, at its height there were still many areas in which it was decidedly unlike any democracy existing today. The paper divides these differences into three major categories: differences in who could vote, in the type of representation, and in the overall participation factor.
From the Paper
"One major and clearly recognizable difference is that in the Athenian democracy there was only a certain selected element of the population that was allowed to vote. This difference in voting behavior stems from the fact that the Athenian social and economic system was supportive of the suppression of groups of people according to gender and background in ways that are not acceptable in today?s western cultures."
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"Democracy?s Discontent" vs. "Democracy in America", 2003.
A comparison of Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America" and Michael J. Sandel's "Democracy?s Discontent".
3,845 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Alexis de Tocqueville in "Democracy in America" and Michael J. Sandel in "Democracy?s Discontent" both address issues of democracy, freedom, the role of government, and the good citizen. It looks at how their viewpoints differ because they write at different times of history. De Tocqueville writes at a time when democracy is a novel ideal. Aristocracy has been the main form of government, and this, therefore, plays a major role in his writing. Sandel, on the other hand, deals with contemporary issues such as the global community and the implications of new technology and diminishing boundaries among people.
From the Paper
"De Tocqueville stresses the importance of civil equality in the achievement of true democracy. This equality implies the lack of divisions and barriers between social classes. This is the equality that he sees in American culture as opposed to European culture that still subscribes to the aristocratic means of government. The democratic ideal implies more freedom than would be possible with an aristocratic government: ?Let us suppose that all the people take a part in the government, and that each one of them has an equal right to take a part in it. As no one is different from his fellows, none can exercise a tyrannical power; men will be perfectly free because they are all entirely equal??(De Tocqueville, Book II, Chapter I)."
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Democracy and the U.S. Constitution: A Discussion of the Successes and Failures of the Founding Fathers in making an Obtainable Democracy, 2000.
After discussing the successes and failures of the founding fathers, the author of the paper concludes that they mostly did a good job, but disputes that America now has a pure democracy.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 45.95
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From the Paper
" A perfect democracy would be a democracy where everyone- the poor, the rich, the weak, the strong- get to have a say in what the government does. Wherein the supreme power ultimately rests with the people. However, this is not reality. Instead, representative democracy can be defined in two ways: the responsible model and the popular model. In the popular model, ordinary people have a great deal of freedom and ability to participate actively in government. In this type, elections express the popular will and determine policies. Examples of this model include the House of Representatives, the Virginia Plan, and citizen initiatives. In the responsible model, citizens play a more passive role. Government officials have a great deal of freedom to act on the behalf of the country as a whole. Elections here, grant popular consent and determine leaders. Examples of this model are the Senate, the New Jersey Plan, and the Supreme Court. Although the people of the United States live in a democracy that has both popular and responsible elements, democracy here has always been more denoted by the popular model. "
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"Terror" in the Mind of God: A Study of Terrorism, 2005.
This paper studies the dangerous influence that religion has on some believers-- an influence that ignites terrorism.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
Using Mark Juergensmeyer's book "Terror in the Mind of God" as a reference, this paper examines how religion sometimes influences its believers in such an extreme way that they turn to terrorism in the name of God. The paper examines the origins of terrorism, cultures of violence and the future of terrorism.
From the Paper
"Juergensmeyer's ideas discussed in the book go against what most criminological theories of crime causation tell us. Rational Choice theory, which is the theory used almost exclusively in today's criminal justice field, believes that criminals choose to commit crime by weighing the potential benefits versus the potential risks. (Siegal, 107). This assumption that offenders make a rational informed decision affects crime prevention strategies (Siegal, 129). The religious terrorist, however, is in a cosmic frame of mind where moral religious values override any sense of legal right or wrong."
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Benjamin Barber's "Strong Democracy", 2005.
This paper discusses Benjamin Barber's views on "thin democracy" and "strong democracy" as expresses in his book "Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age".
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Benjamin Barber in his book "Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age" defines 'thin democracy" as a democracy in which leaders are elected but they are left to their own devices concerning the majority of issues; people have the powers, which democracy provides, but the demonstration of these powers is primarily manifested in the form of elections. The author points out that Barber is convincing in making his point that "thin democracy" has a tendency to strip citizens of their sense of purpose as manifested by the voter participation rate stagnating in the U.S. at about half of those eligible. The paper stress that Barber loves the thought of a "strong democracy" in which it is not the leaders who make a democracy great but rather an active, informed citizenry.
From the Paper
""Thin democracy" takes the stance that average citizens are not interested in political matters and are not capable or adequate enough to directly participate in the political process themselves, beyond electing officials. Benjamin Barber feels that the United States democracy is thin and poorly represents the entire population at large. Significant portions of citizens are unable to vote due to restrictions or simply choose to be complacent and abstain from voting. Citizens under the age of eighteen are restricted from voting, as are prisoners, and persons living within the borders who are not nationalized. Citizens who are active in a thin democracy mainly participate in it by electing persons and then monitoring their political decisions (if they choose to do so), allowing the elected (those seen by the majority to have the most expertise and capability to discern what best represents the will of the majority) to do the actual work."
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Quality of Democracy in Iraq, 2006.
A study on democracy in Iraq, looking at how much progress the country has made towards establishing democracy, the quality of its democracy and how well its institutions are functioning.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper takes three of the fourteen topics provided on the Democratic Audit web site and apply them to a study of democracy in Iran. Specifically, the paper assesses the country's progress towards democracy, the quality of its democracy, and the functioning of its institutions - all by using the following three topics as a "measuring stick". These topics are a) civil and political rights, b) economic and social rights, and c) the extent of participation in the political process by various Iranian citizens.
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History of Terrorism, 2004.
This paper discusses the history of terrorism from ancient to modern times.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This article looks at the history of terrorism from ancient to modern times. The writer defines terrorism and its roots. The writer also discusses different types of terrorism: state terrorism and non-state terrorism. The paper looks at the many forms of terrorism.
Brief Historical Overview of Terrorism
Introduction and Purpose
Definition of Terrorism
Purpose
Brief History of Terrorism
Roots of Terrorism
Ancient History
Modern History
Types of Terrorism
State Terrorism
Non-State Terrorism
Responding to Terrorism
Identifying Proper Targets
Conclusions
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Any academic definition of terrorism would refer to a violent act omitted by individuals or a group not during a war undertaken in order to achieve a political goal. Modern forms of political terrorism became popular ... "
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Protecting Ourselves against Terrorism, 2007.
An analysis of the consequences of terrorism and attempts to protect ourselves against terrorism.
2,995 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the way the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack has affected people's ability to discuss terrorism dispassionately. The paper begins by defining terrorism and then presents some possible causes of terrorism. The paper suggests the United States' responsibility in dealing with terrorism and gives the writer's personal view on the issue.
Table of Contents:
Causes of Terrorism
What is Terrorism?
Protecting Ourselves from Terrorism- a) Follow International Law
Protecting Ourselves from Terrorism- b) Domestic Measures
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Terrorism is such a misused word that one person's terrorist is another ones freedom fighter. Bin Laden and his criminal gang were described as 'Mujahideen- the Holy Warriors' by the western media and their indiscriminate terrorist attacks during soviet occupation and pro-soviet Afghan government days were projected as freedom struggle and acts of bravery. The international politics has thus not permitted building a formal definition. The United States Congress has defined [22 U.S.C. [sections] 2656 f(d)(1)-(2) (1994)] "terrorism" as "premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents"; "international terrorism" is defined as "terrorism involving citizens or the territory of more than 1 country" [Reisman, 1999]. This definition does not consider state terrorism or state sponsored terrorism, which is often the case, as international terrorism often requires a hideout and a sympathetic or covertly supporting state."
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Terrorism and Transnational Crime, 2005.
This paper is a literature review of terrorism pre and post 9/11, the relationship of money laundering to terrorism using the Colombian narco-traffickers as a model and the relationship of transnational crime and terrorism.
4,120 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 52 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the literature states the necessity of extending the scope of terrorism to include related trends of drug-trafficking, organized crime and unlawful migration to America because these trends serve as breeding grounds to terroristS who have been looking for newer ways to broaden the terrorist funding base. The author points out that the literature indicates that the methodology adopted by the drug mafia in Columbia, to distribute their narcotics at the global level and subsequently to use that money to fund organizations creating civil unrest, has been adopted by the terrorists in the Middle East. The paper relates that literature discusses the actions taken by global institutions at the forefront of global anti-money laundering administration and reviews some fundamentals of the critical anti-money laundering law, such as the constant attrition of confidentiality and the obligation of augmented necessities of carefulness.
Table of Contents
Terrorism
Analysis of Literature on Terrorism Pre-Post 9/11
Money Laundering
Relationship between the Colombian Narco-Traffickers and Colombian Insurgency
Trans-national Organized Crime and Terrorism
From the Paper
"Michael Reisman (1999) gives a fair review of the past and the present actions and procedures of calculated and politically provoked violent non-government groups. Many critics have questioned the unwillingness of the American courts to prosecute terrorist activities that have taken place outside American grounds. Michael reviews the reasons behind the reluctance of the American courts to take legal action in these scenarios. He also reviews the dilemma of the incompetent countries whose soil has been exploited as a foundation for terrorist training and terrorist activities against other countries, particularly the United States. Similarly, Peter Chalk (1998) reviews a number of terrorist events which could have resulted in greater understanding and classification of terrorism and the fundamentals that serve as driving forces for terrorist acts. He concludes his study by creating a model for responding to terrorist actions within the customs of political and social legality."
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International Terrorism, 2006.
This paper looks at how, in order to fight terrorism and prevent acts of terrorism, we must create a comprehensive definition of terrorism.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the problem in creating a comprehensive definition of terrorism, noting that defining terrorism more clearly is a beginning point for further discussion. How the term is defined can determine what solutions are offered. International terrorism creates particular problems because what is seen as terrorism in one context or by one particular observer may not be seen that way by another.
From the Paper
"Terrorism is a label for various forms of political violence directed at a civilian population by a non-military group trying to spread terror in order to force some political end. Americans more and more use the term as short-hand for attacks by Muslim groups, but terrorism around the world may have nothing to do with a specific religious group or political structure at all. The target of terrorism has often been the West, but terrorism can be directed at any regime that some group wants to influence. The approach taken is to frighten the populace in order to force the government to capitulate to some demand, even to the extent of demanding a complete change not merely of leadership but of the very form of government and of political ideology."
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