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Powhatans and Southeastern Indians in the 19th Century., 2000.
A comparison of the cultural and institutional change among the two Indian groups from pre-colonial structures and encounters with Europeans, focusing on the theory of cultural differentiation and identity.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This research paper will compare and analyze the cultural and institutional change among the Powhatans and the Southeastern Nation Indians during the 19th century. In this paper, the pre-colonial cultural and institutional structures will be explored to determine their potential change. Then a brief description of the changes of the two groups of Indians will be examined and compared.
From the Paper
"This research paper will compare and analyze the cultural and institutional change among the Powhatans and the Southeastern Nation Indians during the 19th century. In this paper, the pre-colonial cultural and institutional structures will be explored to determine their potential change. Then a brief description of the changes of the two groups of Indians will be examined and compared.
The Powhatans were a farming people who lived a stable lifestyle, governed by an orderly government. Women were responsible for the cultivation of the fields, while the men hunted and fished (Rountree 5). They prided themselves on their possessions by wearing deer hides that were decorated with different ornaments (Rountree 7). External clothing and decorations were also used to delineate the social hierarchy on..."
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European Crimes Against Native Americans, 1999.
Examines honest and dishonest portrayals of Europeans' treatment of American-Indians, focusing on Washington Irving's "Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus".
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Examines honest and dishonest portrayals of Europeans' treatment of American-Indians.
From the Paper
"In Washington Irving's The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus, some of the crimes committed by Columbus and his fellow Europeans against the native population are portrayed. This study will focus on those crimes against Native Americans, as portrayed by Irving and other authors, and on the impact of the crimes on the size of the native population.
The provided selections from Irving's book do not give a complete picture of the crimes committed by Columbus and other Spaniards in the New World. Irving is largely sympathetic to Columbus and has clearly chosen not to cover at length or in detail the crimes committed by the Spaniards, as depicted more objectively in other works. Instead, Irving glosses over the crimes or minimizes and excuses them as necessary. In the section on Columbus' appearance in court in Spain to answer charges ..."
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Accounts Of North America, 1610-1835, 1999.
Examines the accuracy and biases of European travelers' reports and their impact on Old World and New World perceptions. Discusses exploration, politics, economics, settlements, American-Indians, melting pot and institutions.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This research will examine the value of accounts of North America produced by Old World visitors from 1610 to 1835. The research will set forth the context in which European travelers produced such accounts and then discuss the impact that the writing had in shaping Old World perceptions of America as well as New World views of the emerging American culture.
From the Paper
"This research will examine the value of accounts of North America produced by Old World visitors from 1610 to 1835. The research will set forth the context in which European travelers produced such accounts and then discuss the impact that the writing had in shaping Old World perceptions of America as well as New World views of the emerging American culture.
Any discussion of Old World visitors' accounts of North America that predates the American Revolution must begin with the observation that until the successful completion of the Revolution the measure taken of the new land was not necessarily the measure of America but rather of Europe in America. The priorities of European geopolitics, culture, and economics, specifically Europe's needs that the New World could fill and Europe's values that the New World could receive, were almost ..."
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Adaptation Of Native Americans, 1999.
Origins of the first people in America, threats from Europeans, successful and unsuccessful adaptation and evolution, culture, language, assimilation, focusing on Southern California.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The first people to come to the New World probably came to the Americas across the Bering Land Bridge or the land mass that is sometimes called Beringia. The archaeological record is still somewhat confusing on this point, and researchers continue to sift through the physical clues to the earliest human presence in this hemisphere
From the Paper
"The first people to come to the New World probably came to the Americas across the Bering Land Bridge or the land mass that is sometimes called Beringia. The archaeological record is still somewhat confusing on this point, and researchers continue to sift through the physical clues to the earliest human presence in this hemisphere, trying to determine (for example) whether there was a sufficient density of prey animals in the Bering area to have afforded enough food for humans to sustain themselves during the long journey between continents (Dixon, 1993, p. 28).
Other researchers examine the connections among the languages of the New World to try to uncover relationships among the first peoples of this place. Linguists now believe that the languages spoken by American Indians could never have belonged ..."
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Anasazi Culture Of American Southwest, 1999.
Examines this ancient people's architecture, roads, trade, culture and demise.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The Eleventh Century was the end of one millennium and the beginning of a new one. In many ways, it was a period in which humanity emerged from the Dark Ages that had prevailed throughout Europe through much of the first millennium A.D. even as the Roman Empire changed to the Byzantine empire and others.
From the Paper
"The Eleventh Century was the end of one millennium and the beginning of a new one. In many ways, it was a period in which humanity emerged from the Dark Ages that had prevailed throughout Europe through much of the first millennium A.D. even as the Roman Empire changed to the Byzantine empire and others. We call this the Dark Ages today because its history is somewhat obscure and because much of classical learning was temporarily lost. In the Eleventh Century, certain changes came about showing a new relationship between government and governed after the Battle of Hastings and the creation of the Magna Carta in England. In other parts of the world, other civilizations were either winding down are beginning to flower, depending on history and circumstances. It is these other parts of the world where much of my own interest lies, given that we are only beginning to under ..."
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The Navajo Nation and The Internet, 1999.
Examines the relationship between mainstream and Native American cultures in the context of Internet communications, data accessibility and ethnography.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Although some non-revisionist anthropologists might wince at the thought of comparing social and cultural life within the United States with the social and cultural life within the Navajo reservation, it will become clearly valid upon the realization that -- although the reservation shares the same land mass as the United States -- the Navajo tribe is clearly an indigenous people and culture. Modern cultural anthropology is undergoing the impact of critical revisionist theory. Indeed, structural ethnography, cultural ethnography, and psycho
From the Paper
"THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON CULTURE AND SOCIETY
WITHIN THE UNITED STATES AS COMPARED TO CULTURE AND SOCIETY WITHIN THE NAVAJO NATION
Introduction
Although some non-revisionist anthropologists might wince at the thought of comparing social and cultural life within the United States with the social and cultural life within the Navajo reservation, it will become clearly valid upon the realization that -- although the reservation shares the same land mass as the United States -- the Navajo tribe is clearly an indigenous people and culture. Modern cultural anthropology is undergoing the impact of critical revisionist theory. Indeed, structural ethnography, cultural ethnography, and psycholinguistic ..."
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Native Americans In the Civil War, 1999.
Historical background, reasons for and significance of their involvement as combatants, scouts, targets and refugees, experiences and treatment, and the impact on culture.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses various aspects of the involvement of American Indian tribes in the Civil War, including their reasons for becoming enmeshed in that conflict, their experiences and treatment during the war and the significance of their involvement on their subsequent history.
From the Paper
"INVOLVEMENT OF AMERICAN INDIANS IN THE CIVIL WAR
This research paper discusses various aspects of the involvement of American Indian tribes in the Civil War, including their reasons for becoming enmeshed in that conflict, their experiences and treatment during the war and the significance of their involvement on their subsequent history. Indians did not play an important role in the outcome of the war; however, the war served to further weaken their position and hastened their virtual extermination and decline. Thousands of Indians became engulfed in the war as combatants and many thousands more as innocent targets and refugees, especially in the conflict which raged west of the Mississippi in and around the Indian Territory now known as the State of Oklahoma. The War intensified internecine struggles within and among a number of Indian tribes."
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"Indian Survival On The California Frontier" ( Albert Hurtado ), 1999.
Reviews this work on gender, sexual and racial issues and the impact on Indians of the state's social transformation in the mid-19th Century.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the treatment of gender and sexuality in Albert Hurtado's Indian Survival on the California Frontier. The plan of the research will be to set forth in general terms the pattern of ideas emerging in the work, and then to discuss how the specific issues of social gender and sexual identity in the communal environment covered in the work are articulated and analyzed, as well as the relevance these issues have for a more complete understanding of how the shape and structure of the California Indian population shifted as the characteristics of the far western frontier were defined in the nineteenth century.
The transformation of California from an unsettled frontier to a beacon of migration and social organization was in significant part a response to the famous Gold Rush. Hurtado's book ..."
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Family Preservation Practice, 1999.
Analyzes a social work approach aiming at keeping poor and troubled ethnic (American-Indian, Latino, Asian-American) families together and empowered.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Family Preservation Practice refers to the provision of social work services toward the goal of keeping families together and is most often used in cases involving concern over the welfare of children (Peterson, Kohrt, Shadoin & Authier, 1996). Several different values constitute the conceptual foundation of family preservation practice (Berry, 1992). One of these values is empowerment. The purpose of the review of literature presented here is to examine several publications in which the value of empowerment of families is particularly salient. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the relatedness of the value of empowerment to other values underlying family preservation practice.
Family Preservation Practice and Empowerment ..."
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Treatment Of Native Americans, 1600-1820, 1999.
Examines the nature of American-Indian culture, the biased policy of European colonists, land appropriation, negotations and treaties, violence and sovereignty.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The treatment of Native Americans by whites in America during the period 1600-1820 illustrates the problems that can develop when people with different cultures come together. When Europeans first reached North America, they found hundreds of Native Americans tribes occupying a land abundant with natural resources. The whites had virtually no respect for the spiritual, cultural, and intellectual riches of the people they referred to as Indians. Whites believed they had "discovered" a new world which was their destiny to dominate. They quickly set about altering the way of life of indigenous people. For the Indians, the consequences of their interaction with whites has most often been tragic.
Prior to the 18th century, there was no national policy on Indians simply because the American nation had not yet come into ..."
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"The Two Worlds of the Washo" ( James Downs ), 1999.
Summary of anthropological study of social organization & family system of Indian tribe of CA.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"THE TWO WORLDS OF THE WASHO
Introduction
The Two Worlds of the Washo, an Indian Tribe of California and Nevada by Downs (1966) presents a single tribal culture as a whole. Traditional patterns of subsistence techniques, rituals and religion, kinship, and social organization are portrayed. Changes brought about through interaction with the white man are also related. This book analysis focuses on the relationship between cultural social organization, and subsistence, economic, political, and belief systems for the Washo.
Social Organization & Group Systems
The Washo cultural social organization consisting of kinship patterns, marriage patterns, and /or forms of organization are described. Society functions in a manner such that its members.."
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English Captured by American Indians, 1999.
Examines positive & negative experiences of colonists taken captive, focusing on early 18th Century kidnapping of 7 year-old girl who chose to stay with Mohawks.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine issues surrounding the story of captivity of seven-year-old Eunice Williams by Indians in early eighteenth-century Deerfield, Massachusetts, as well as her subsequent decision, first made as an adolescent and repeatedly confirmed as an adult, to remain with the Mohawk Indians at Kahnawake instead of rejoining her biological family. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which Eunice's captivity became an issue and then to explore possible reasons that she chose to remain at Kahnawake, with reference to Demos's The Unredeemed Captive and to Axtell's analysis of the not uncommon phenomenon of colonial-era Europeans who made choices similar to that of Eunice Williams.
A raid made by Indians on the Puritan settlement of Deerf.."
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American Indian Movement, 1999.
Origins of AIM and the evolution of activism. Looks at the organization, leadership, major issues, fish-ins, urbanization, Alcatraz protest, response of governtment and " Wounded Knee" occupation.
6,300 words (approx. 25.2 pages), 18 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The Beginning of the American Indian Movement
Introduction
The American Indian Movement (AIM) was born out of the civil unrest and protest of discontented urban populations in the mid-1950s and 1960s in the United States. However, it should be understood that AIM was only one organization in a system of American Indian activism that dates back to centuries of mistreatment of Indian people. Despite its all-inclusive name, AIM was never accepted as a voice by all Indian peoples. Thus, an analysis of the organization, its founding and its success must be placed in the larger context of Indian protest activity, which existed before the founding of AIM and continued in many ways separate throughout AIM's existence.
Early Indian Protest Activity and Collective Action.."
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Anasazi Cannibalism, 1999.
Evaluates archaeological evidence for cannibalism among American Southwest people. Looks at the functions & significance of death-related rituals, research findings, methods & interpretations.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 15 sources, $ 127.95
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From the Paper
"Evidence for the practice of cannibalism by the Anasazi people of the American Southwest has been growing during the last three decades. As archaeologists have excavated new sites and re-examined findings from previously explored locations, the taphonomic and forensic analysis of human skeletal remains has led to a hypothesis of cannibalism at as many as 28 Anasazi sites. Though the first suggestion of cannibalism was made in 1902, the absence of any sign of such a practice in the ethnographic literature may have mitigated against thorough investigation of the notion. But with the systematic application of the methods of physical anthropology archaeologists have steadily produced a body of cases in which cannibalism seems the most likely explanation of anomalous states and dispositions of human remains. The reasons behind the practice--whether it was.."
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Buddhist, Christian & Lakota Native America Rituals, 1999.
Examines impact of language & oral & written culture on religious practices. Analyzes texts, theology, linguistics, authority, belief systems and myth.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine ways in which the difference between oral and written culture affects the ritual life, with reference to the religious traditions of Christianity and Buddhism, as well as the religion of the Lakota/Teton Native American tradition. The plan of the research will be to set forth the cultural context in which the anthropology of religion predicated of a linguistic tradition marked by written and unwritten modes of communication may be discerned, and then to discuss how the linguistic shape that a culture assumes may have an impact on the ritual practices of Buddhist, Christian, and Native American cultures.
That there is a connection between the shape of cultural development and the language of a given culture has long been acknowledged by the scholarly community. As Wells puts it: .."
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