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Native Americans of New England, 2002.
A discussion of how the first European settlement of Southern New England disrupted the Native American culture of the regions.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Discusses how the first European settlement of Southern New England disrupted the Native American culture of the region. Differing structures and social systems of Indian & European cultures. King Philip's War (1675-1676). The issue of land ownership, and scarcity of good, arable land leading to friction and eventual violence.
From the Paper
"Southern New England was the home to a complex civilization when some of the first European settlers to the New World came to the area that is southern and eastern Massachusetts, the eastern part of New Hampshire, Rhode Island and most of Connecticut. Although there were regional differences throughout this area caused by differences in the environment as well as by the inevitable differentiation of people into subcultures, this region was unified by what can be viewed into a single cultural group. That culture -- along with the lives of individual American Indians -- would be in large measure destroyed during the 17th century as their culture came into conflict with that of the Europeans.
This paper takes as its focus the culture of the Native Americans of Southern New England and also why it was so terribly..."
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Native American Issues, 2002.
A discussion of the impact of racism and ethnicity on Native Americans.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Discusses impact of racism & ethnicity on Native Americans. Compares 2 works of fiction: THE LONE RANGER AND TONTO FISTFIGHT IN HEAVEN, Sherman Alexie's collection of short stories, and Louise Erdrich's novel TRACKS. Contends that all Alexie's stories are pessimintic & cynical with major theme of individual rather than cultural survival. Cites Erdrich's portrayal of Native Americans continuing their struggle to maintain their cultural heritage as containing more subtleties of life & complexi6y of narrative & structure than Alexie's stories.
From the Paper
"This study will discuss race and ethnicity, specifically issues related to Native Americans, in two works by Native American writers, Sherman Alexie's The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven and Louise Erdrich's Tracks. While both works of fiction fully accept the negative consequences of bias and bigotry exercised against Native Americans, Alexie's stories are far more dark and blunt, while Erdrich's novel is far more subtle and nuanced.
The title story in Alexie's collection of stories takes a deeply pessimistic perspective on the life of Native American characters. All of the stories, and especially the title story, are pessimistic, even cynical, though if one looks hard enough there are some signs of hope, such as the narrator's year of sobriety. However, that sobriety does not address the racism..."
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"Black Elk Speaks" by John Neihardt, 2002.
The life of Nicholas Black Elk, a religious elder, as told to the author.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 23.95
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Abstract
Life of Nicholas Black Elk, a religioius elder, as told to the author. History of the Plains Indians of the late 19th Century. Describes the tribe's belief system. Black Elk's relating how the spirit voices came to him. Sanctioning of his vision. Need to bring his message of the unity of the planet to the world.
From the Paper
" Black Elk Speaks (2000) is more than a history of the plains Indians of the latter 19th century. Black Elk was a religious elder of a people that has historically relied on the oral tradition. So this recounting of his life and his vision can be seen as a sacred text that has been preserved on paper instead of committed to memory. As Black Elk begins to relate his life and his vision to John Neihardt, he calls upon the Spirit of the World to keep him true (2), and then he reaffirms the authority of his vision, his tribe's belief system, and his belief that somehow, this vision can still be fulfilled.
When Black Elk was five years old he heard the spirit voices and saw the two messengers who flew down from the sky (14-15). He knew that this was not a dream, but a vision that came from the One Spirit. From that time he would occasionally hear the..."
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Native Americans of Southern New England, 2002.
An examination of the indigenous culture in the 16th and 17th centuries.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Examines the indigenous culture in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Horticulture activities. Their food supply, housing, socials units, cultural & political practices. King Philip's War of 1675 as reaction to white colonial settlements and threat to traditional Native Ameican economic and cultural activities. Issue of land and displacement of natives by whites.
From the Paper
"Introduction
The first peoples of Southern New England was essentially unified by a single cultural group. The lives of these American Indians would be radically altered during the 17th century as their culture came into conflict with that of the Europeans. This paper examines that original culture of the area, then looks at what made this region attractive to the Europeans who displaced the natives and then explores how the final outcome of European incursions into this area was the result of the traditional native settlement patterns and the ways in which these interacted with the specific goals of the Europeans. While the displacement (and often murder) of Native Americans by European and later white Americans tends to be treated as if it were all a single phenomenon, in fact the displacement of natives by whites varied from place to place and..."
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The Aztecs And The Iroquois, 2002.
Describes each group and its culture.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Describes each group and compares them. Aztecs as dominant ruling trible in post-classic MesoAmerica. Territory of Valley of Mexico. Control of water resources as a major issue. Primary religion, calendar, art, social structure. Iroquois tribes of North America. Common culture and language of the 5 Tribes. Impact of European settlers.
From the Paper
"?From the beginning of the Classic period onward, the instability of the northern cultural frontier of Meso-America was a reflection of the constant recruitment of ?barbarian? tribes to the MesoAmerican way of life.?
(Spencer & Jennings, 1965, P. 130)
The Aztecs were a collective group of ?Nahua-speaking peoples and became the dominant ruling barbarian tribe in Post-classic MesoAmerica. They followed after the Ancient Olmecs, the Mayas, and the cross-existing Toltecs. The Aztecs were the first group to contribute true cities to MesoAmerican culture."
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Impact Of Wilma Mankiller On Feminism, 2002.
Discusses her rise to power in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma to Principal Chief.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Discusses her rise to power in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma to Principal Chief. Her early impoverished life. Growing interest in tribal politics. Involvement with Naive Americans in San Francisco. How she helped bring self-sufficiency to her people and helped raise the status of women. Her contribution to the feminist movement in general.
From the Paper
"The history of the women?s rights movement is littered with trailblazers who led the way before women believed they would achieve equal rights with men in society. From the suffragettes of the early twentieth century to the "girlpower" divas of the new millennium, women have struggled to carve out a voice and message of their own. Significant strides have been made towards gender-equality in the past century, with the right to vote and the right to have an abortion signifying important milestones in the women?s movement. And though the news is mostly good, there nevertheless remains a wide gulf in the way women and men are treated in our society. This fact is compounded by the deterioration of the feminist movement from its peak in the nineteen-sixties. As young women look to the new millennium, it is important that they identify leaders to emula..."
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Native Americans And Europeans, 2002.
Discusses the responses of Native Americans to the arrival of Europeans after 1492.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Discusses the responses of Native Americans to the arrival of Europeans after 1492. Variety of responses of different Nations of Native Americans. Superiority attitude of Europeans. Focuses on encounters between several Native American Nations and the Spanish & English settlers. Diffeent approaches to colonization of the 2 countries. Destruction of Indian way of living.
From the Paper
"The responses of the various nations of Native Americans to the arrival of Europeans after 1492, and the manner in which they subsequently dealt with their presence, varied widely from one group to another. Responses to the encounter depended on the cultural characteristics of the different nations, on the economic and political circumstances in which they found themselves, and, to a considerable extent, on the same factors as they applied to the particular groups of Europeans they encountered. Just as there was no uniform Indian response to the encounter there were also significant differences in the ways the Spanish, English, French, and others approached the peoples whose land they were intent on occupying. A brief comparison of various encounters between several Native American nations and..."
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Love and the Economic Condition, 2002.
Family structure and love in Native American societies, colonial households, and post-industrial revolution families.
1,719 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper asks why love is such a hot topic today. Was love present in America before our modern idea of the nuclear family took hold in the 1950s? The paper asks how the idea of love between the conjugal couple and between the children has historically forced the structure of the family.
From the Paper
"In the present time, the idea of love has consumed us. We write movies, songs, plays and books about it. We dream about it. We even set aside a day to celebrate it. We are told love is a biological condition, that when our brain finds someone else?s pheromones desirable, we feel as if we?ve been struck with cupid?s arrow. Although there are biological aspects to the feeling of love, an intense emotional bond to another human being, the meaning of love in a larger socioeconomic world changes with the economy. Love, as we know it, didn?t exist for colonial settlers of the New World or for the Native Americans. Love as we know it is entirely an invention of our particular society, and has a direct correlation to capitalism and class rank. An exploration of family life in different time periods can accurately show how modern man?s interpretation of what seems to be such a complex emotion is completely reliant on economic and social factors."
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Native Americans in Film and Culture, 2001.
Analyzing the Indian's inaccurate portrayal in film and popular culture.
1,815 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how American culture has defined the Native American throughout our history which finally translates to a stereotypical representation in film/mascots. This essay discusses aspects from as far back as Colombus' letters, to 20th century movies.
From the Paper
"The true image of Native Americans has been an issue of much debate concerning their inaccurate portrayal in film, literature, and even representatives of schools and sporting teams as mascots. The depiction in such forms of what a Native American is relies heavily on the much-loaded mental imagery of the Indian in the minds of our modern society. This imagery is based upon the Hollywood representation of the Native Americans, and the lack of knowledge, and true respect, of the Native American within our culture. Hollywood?s characterization of the Indian peoples has narrowed our culture?s thought on the idea of the Indian to a popular image. This image in itself was perpetuated previous to Hollywood?s version of the Indian, and only continued in our popular culture by western films. This popular image is of the stereotypical Indian; face painted, feathered, aggressive, dancing and hollering, and living in teepees. It has been the struggle of modern Native American groups to seek acceptance of the Indian, with mutual respect of their traditions and images, and to put an end to such poor representations."
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Capturing Stereotypes Through Puritan Narratives, 2000.
An examination on how early American settlers portrayed Native Americans in a bad light.
3,166 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 91.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that captivity narratives written by early settlers of America succeeded in conveying unfair stereotypes about Native Americans. These narratives recorded the captives' physical, mental, and spiritual experiences. The paper examines the reasons for these abductions, circumstances and experiences of those who were abducted, with a specific analysis of how the autobiography "Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson" perpetuates the conveyance of stereotypes about Native Americans.
From the Paper
"Throughout the history of Colonial North America, Native Americans have been portrayed as evil and heathen in many ways. The Native Americans were depicted as evil and soulless; a race beyond any reason that delighted murder of innocent Christians. One such way is through the writing of ?captivity narratives,? whose purpose was to record the captive?s physical, mental and spiritual experiences as they journeyed through the unknown. Captivity narratives also served a purpose in that they led to reflection on the meaning of life and helped shaped the expectations of any other unfortunate settlers who might find themselves in captivity at some time (Ebersole 20). These accounts of captivity became stories to be told and retold in order to reflect upon the situation forced upon the captive and, for the Puritans, to reflect in God?s grace at having delivered them from the hands of these ?savages.? These narratives were unfortunately never objective or neutral in any way, as they always portrayed Native Americans as creatures with no souls whose sole purpose in life was to distribute pain and suffering to those who were God-fearing; they were thought of as instruments of the devil. In this way, captivity narratives succeeded in conveying unfair stereotypes about Native Americans that have not (until recently) been overcome."
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Native American Families, 2002.
A look at the Native American family units from before colonization to the present day.
2,039 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a detailed history of Native American families and the way they functioned. It traces these units from before the Americas were settled by the Europeans and their adaption to reservation life. The paper also examines the revival of Native American culture and family appreciation in modern America.
From the Paper
"Native American girls are taught all they need to know to be a good Indian wife. They were taught to make clay pots, weave baskets, mend clothes, and scrape skins, set snare traps, cook and other chores. Some tribal women even constructed the homes and furniture for the homes. Young girls had much more responsibility in learning than young boys. Young girls reached adulthood when they experienced their first menstrual period. She was whisked off by the older tribal women to a isolated hut to spend at least four days. Many tribes performed rituals when a girl reached womanhood. Some were painful and isolation was common, but public celebrations would follow the rituals."
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Comanche and Cheyenne Legal and Political Systems, 1995.
Compares the tribes' laws, norms, governments, marital status, property rights and case studies. Includes an outline.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 9 sources, $ 127.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will examine the law of some of the Plains Indians and will use the laws of the Cheyenne and Comanche tribes as case studies. The case studies selected for this paper will illustrate the political and legal systems of the Cheyenne and Comanche tribes. This paper will also compare and contrast the similarities and differences between the legal systems of these two tribes.
A review of several case histories of the Cheyenne and Comanche tribes reveals that, although the Cheyennes have a more sophisticated culture than the Comanches and the economic base of the two societies is similar, the Cheyenne culture reflects a higher level of institutionalization (Hoebel, 1969, p. 6). The most notable difference between the legal systems of the two societies is that the Comanches do not recognize their behavior ..."
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Shawnee, 1995.
Discusses their origins and history, society, spiritual traditions, leadership, resistence to whites and the disintegration of American-Indian tribe.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"THE SHAWNEE
This research paper summarizes the history, traditions and culture of the central Appalachian Shawnee tribe of American Indians. Through a combination of circumstances, this itinerant but highly resilient tribe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries found itself directly in the path of the pressing wave of British/ American settlement of the Northwest Territory. The Shawnee assumed leadership of the defense of Indian society in the struggle that ensued under the leadership of their last great chief, Tecumseh, who was finally slain in battle in 1813. Because of their warrior traditions, competent leadership, spiritual elan and internal cohesion, the Shawnee gave a good account of themselves in this unequal struggle.
Origins and Early History..."
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"Love Medicine" ( Louise Erdrich ) and "Winter In The Blood" ( James Welch ), 1995.
Examines fictional treatments of issues of gender and cultural roles among Native American populations.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Louise Erdrich in her novel Love Medicine and James Welch in his Winter in the Blood each address issues of gender and cultural roles among contemporary Native American populations. Both authors indicate how the Native American of today has been forcibly separated from the land and thought of his ancestors and what a devastating effect this has had on Native American society. In both cases, the writers speaks from a position inside that society. Erdrich shows more concern for feminist issues, as might be expected from a writer of her gender, while both writers express a sense of continuing loss in the Native American community and lay blame for this with the federal government and the institutions it has created for the administration and control of Indian affairs, with the land embodying both the traditions of the past and the tenuous hold ..."
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Native American Education, 1995.
Examines the ineffectiveness of reservation boarding schools and federal government policy, forced emigration, assimilation, civil rights, gambling industry, focusing on the Cherokee Nation.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"The Cherokee Nation is a role model of self-sufficiency among Native American tribes. The Cherokee, recognized as a sovereign nation by the United States government, number about 175,000 full- and mixed-blood individuals, with the majority located in northeastern Oklahoma. The Oklahoma Cherokee successfully administer their own affairs. Programs such as Head Start, Job Corps, public housing, and substance abuse clinics have been supervised by the Cherokee Nation since the 1970s. In Cherokee-run schools, the basic curriculum is supplemented by instruction in tribal history, language, and culture. The Cherokee are attempting to obliterate the devastating effects of decades of federal government Indian education policy, which emphasized the assimilation of Native Americans into the dominant white culture."
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